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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer
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Exercise for Cancer Patients: Guidelines and Precautions.

M L Winningham, M G MacVicar, C A Burke

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 20, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Exercise shows promise for cancer survivors, but clear guidelines are needed for safe and effective functional capacity assessment and program design. Medical teams must individualize programs based on patient status and cancer specifics.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Growing number of cancer survivors require interventions to manage long-term effects.
    • Current exercise interventions lack standardized guidelines for cancer patients.
    • Disabling effects stem from disease, therapies, and immobilization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the need for objective functional capacity measures in cancer patients.
    • To emphasize the importance of individualized exercise program design for cancer survivors.
    • To identify key factors for medical teams to consider when creating exercise protocols.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of previous research and clinical observations on exercise for cancer patients.
    • Identification of critical patient and disease factors influencing exercise prescription.

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  • Discussion of the novelty and lack of established guidelines in this field.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise is a promising restorative technique for cancer patients.
    • No established guidelines exist for measuring functional capacity or designing safe exercise programs.
    • Individualized assessment is crucial, considering patient's fitness, age, medical/psychological status, cancer type/stage, comorbidities, and therapy side effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to develop objective measures and evidence-based guidelines for cancer rehabilitation through exercise.
    • Personalized exercise interventions are essential for optimizing recovery and quality of life in cancer survivors.
    • Multidisciplinary medical teams must carefully consider numerous factors for safe and effective exercise programming.