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Validity and reliability of the Constipation Assessment Scale.

S C McMillan, F A Williams

    Cancer Nursing
    |June 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) effectively identifies and measures constipation severity in patients undergoing chemotherapy or pain management. This validated tool offers reliable assessment for nurses caring for at-risk individuals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology Nursing
    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Assessment Tools

    Background:

    • Constipation is a common adverse effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy, analgesics, and other medications.
    • Accurate constipation assessment is crucial for nurses managing cancer patients, especially with the shift towards community-based care.
    • A validated and reliable tool is needed to assess constipation in at-risk patient populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS).
    • To determine the CAS's ability to differentiate between constipated and non-constipated individuals.
    • To assess the CAS's capacity to distinguish varying degrees of constipation severity.

    Main Methods:

    • The study involved two groups: 32 healthy working adults (control) and 32 adults at risk for constipation (patient group).

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  • Participants completed the eight-item Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS).
  • Test-retest reliability was assessed in 16 healthy adults by administering the CAS twice with a 1-hour interval.

    • Main Results:

    • The CAS demonstrated significant differences in symptom intensity between the control and patient groups (t = 6.32, p < 0.0001), confirming construct validity.
    • Significant differences were found between patient subgroups receiving morphine versus Vinca alkaloids (t = 2.54, p < 0.01), indicating sensitivity to symptom severity.
    • The CAS showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.98) and was completed in approximately 2 minutes.

    Conclusions:

    • The Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing constipation presence and severity.
    • The CAS can effectively differentiate between individuals with and without constipation, as well as between moderate and severe symptom intensity.
    • This scale provides a practical and efficient method for nurses to assess constipation in at-risk patients, particularly those undergoing cancer treatment.