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Visual Foraging With Fingers and Eye Gaze.

Ómar I Jóhannesson1, Ian M Thornton2, Irene J Smith1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Iceland.

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This study compared visual search for multiple targets using finger tapping versus eye gaze. Gaze foraging showed less difficulty switching between target types than finger foraging, challenging current attention models.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Traditional models of visual attention focus on single-target search.
  • Real-world tasks often involve searching for multiple, varied targets.
  • Understanding multi-target search is crucial for realistic cognitive models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multi-target visual search using a novel foraging paradigm.
  • To compare performance between finger-based and gaze-based target selection.
  • To challenge existing theories of visual attention and working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multi-target foraging paradigm comparing finger and gaze selection.
  • Observers cancelled targets by tapping (finger foraging) or fixating (gaze foraging) for 100ms.
  • Manipulated search complexity by using single-feature vs. conjunction-based targets.

Main Results:

  • Finger foraging showed a significant difference in switching between target types based on feature complexity.
  • Gaze foraging exhibited smaller differences in switching behavior across conditions.
  • A notable number of participants easily switched between target types during gaze foraging.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge prominent theoretical accounts of visual attention and working memory.
  • Suggest distinct operational constraints for gaze-based versus manual pointing selection mechanisms.
  • Highlights the need for more dynamic models of attention in complex search tasks.