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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
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Hydrogen peroxide diffusion with and without light activation.

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    Light activation of 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) did not significantly enhance dental bleaching on direct application areas. However, it improved HP diffusion and bleaching in adjacent, unexposed tooth regions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Dental Materials Science

    Background:

    • Dental bleaching is a common esthetic procedure.
    • Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a widely used bleaching agent.
    • The efficacy of HP can be influenced by activation methods, such as light application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the dental bleaching effectiveness of 37.5% HP.
    • To compare bleaching efficacy with and without LED light activation.
    • To assess efficacy in both directly exposed and unexposed tooth areas.

    Main Methods:

    • 28 bovine teeth were stained and divided into two groups.
    • 37.5% HP was applied three times with a 1-week interval.
    • One group received LED light activation (HP-A), the other did not (HP-N).
    • Color change (ΔE) was measured spectrophotometrically in exposed and unexposed halves.

    Main Results:

    • Both groups showed increased lightness and decreased chroma.
    • No significant difference in ΔE was found in the incisal (exposed) half between groups.
    • The gingival (unexposed) half showed significantly higher ΔE in the HP-A group compared to HP-N.
    • The gingival half exhibited a greater bleaching effect than the incisal half within the HP-A group.

    Conclusions:

    • LED light activation of 37.5% HP did not significantly improve bleaching in directly applied areas.
    • Light activation enhanced bleaching diffusion to adjacent, unexposed tooth regions.
    • HP light activation may improve overall tooth whitening by reaching areas of indirect application.