Variation in meals and sleep-activity patterns in aged subjects; its relevance to circadian rhythm studies

The study was performed upon a sample of aged and non-institutionalized subjects. Information was obtained by questionnaires and diaries on personal factors during a typical week. A random subset was subjected to a more detailed analysis of the composition of their meals. Results showed that increasing age was correlated with: a decreased day-by-day variability in an individual's time of retiring, rising and eating meals; earlier sleep times; increased frequency of daytime naps and nocturnal awakenings; and decreased physical activity. These results occurred both in subjects living alone and in those living with company. Day-by-day differences in the composition of meals tended to decrease with age. When differences between individuals were considered then these tended to increase with age. Some implications of these findings for studies of circadian rhythmicity in aged subjects--in whom the timing of circadian rhythms becomes more erratic and amplitude falls--are discussed.