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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

2.0K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: An Uncommon Presentation.

Nidhi Kaeley1, Sunil Bansal2, Rohan Bhatia3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|July 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 encephalitis can present with psychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis using CSF-PCR is crucial for timely acyclovir treatment in these rare cases.

Keywords:
Polymerase chain reactionPsychosisSubdural effusionViral encephalitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is a rare neurological condition, typically caused by HSV-1.
  • It affects approximately 2 in 250,000 individuals annually.
  • HSV-2 accounts for 10% of cases.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male with a history of depression presented with acute psychiatric symptoms including confusion, hallucinations, and aggression.
  • Initial presentation mimicked a psychiatric disorder, with no fever.
  • Brain MRI showed mild subdural effusion, suggesting an infectious etiology.

Findings:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis detected Herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).
  • CSF Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the HSV-1 diagnosis.
  • Intravenous acyclovir treatment was initiated at 10mg/kg body weight for two weeks.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of excluding organic causes, like HSV encephalitis, in patients presenting with new-onset psychiatric symptoms, especially without fever.
  • CSF-PCR is a critical diagnostic tool for identifying Herpes Simplex Virus encephalitis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment with acyclovir are essential for managing HSV encephalitis.