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Behavioral Pattern during Dental Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: A Comparative Study.

Muthukali Shanmugam1, Vetrivel Shivakumar1, Vijayarangan Anitha1

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Children with intellectual disabilities report dental pain less frequently than their peers. Caregivers noted challenges with brushing and chewing for these children, highlighting unique oral health needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Disability Studies
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Children with developmental disabilities, particularly intellectual disabilities, often experience heightened pain sensitivity.
  • Accurate pain assessment is challenging in children, especially those with intellectual disabilities, due to communication barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the prevalence and characteristics of dental pain in children with intellectual disabilities versus typically developing children.
  • To assess the oral health status and treatment requirements in intellectually disabled children.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was conducted in an institution for intellectually disabled children, including 111 participants with intellectual disabilities and 125 typically developing controls (aged 5-18).
  • Caregivers completed the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ+) to report on their wards' dental pain experiences.
  • Oral hygiene, dental caries, and periodontal status were assessed using WHO indices.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of reporting dental pain between the groups, with intellectually disabled children reporting pain less often.
  • Intellectually disabled children showed significant differences related to brushing, chewing, and earache compared to controls.
  • Greater difficulties in brushing and chewing were reported in the intellectually disabled group.

Conclusions:

  • Children with intellectual disabilities tend to report dental pain less frequently than typically developing peers, potentially due to communication challenges or altered pain perception.
  • Despite lower reported pain frequency, these children face significant challenges with oral hygiene practices like brushing and chewing.
  • Findings underscore the need for tailored oral healthcare strategies and pain assessment tools for children with intellectual disabilities.