[Proton pump inhibitors: not as safe as they seem]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pharmacology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed globally.
• Widespread use raises concerns about inappropriate prescriptions and potential adverse effects.
• Growing evidence links PPIs to various serious health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence and prevalence of significant side effects associated with PPI use.
• To highlight the importance of appropriate PPI indication and ongoing patient monitoring.
• To inform clinicians about potential PPI-related adverse events.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data on PPI side effects.
• Analysis of reported cases and epidemiological studies.
• Overview of specific adverse events including infections, metabolic disturbances, and bone health.

Main Results:

• PPIs are associated with increased risks of gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections.
• Long-term use may lead to hypomagnesemia, renal dysfunction, and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and iron.
• Potential links to dementia, osteoporosis, and fractures are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

• Judicious prescribing of PPIs, based on clear indications, is crucial.
• Regular reassessment of the need for continued PPI therapy is recommended for chronic users.
• Clinicians should consider PPIs as a potential cause when adverse effects manifest.