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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

1.1K
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
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Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

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The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

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Charge transport network dynamics in molecular aggregates.

Nicholas E Jackson1, Lin X Chen2, Mark A Ratner3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; NicholasJackson2016@u.northwestern.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 22, 2016
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Analyzing charge transport in disordered molecular semiconductors is challenging. Time-dependent network analysis reveals dynamic networks are crucial, as static or averaged networks inadequately represent charge transport properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Charge transport in disordered molecular semiconductors is complex due to nonperiodic networks.
  • Understanding network dynamics is vital for predicting material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply time-dependent network analysis to investigate charge transport in molecular semiconductors.
  • To compare dynamic network properties with static and averaged network models.

Main Methods:

  • Time-dependent network analysis applied to perylenediimide (n-type) and a flexible p-type molecule.
  • Simulation of local transfer integral decorrelation timescales.
  • Utilizing graph metrics to assess global network changes.

Main Results:

  • Local transfer integral decorrelation occurs on a timescale of ~100 fs, faster than in crystalline states.
  • Global network changes are observable on timescales relevant to charge carrier lifetimes.
  • Static networks are insufficient; averaged networks overestimate connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic network analysis provides a more accurate picture of charge transport than static or averaged models.
  • The proposed methodology offers a way to track dynamic charge transport properties effectively.