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Does retirement mean more physical activity? A longitudinal study.

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Physical activity levels change differently depending on the type of employment transition in middle-aged and older adults. Semi-retirement and full retirement were associated with increased physical activity, while disability-related inactivity led to significant declines.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on physical activity (PA) changes around employment transitions beyond retirement.
  • Most current data is cross-sectional, hindering understanding of longitudinal PA trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in physical activity (PA) trajectories before and after various transitions out of full-time employment.
  • To compare PA changes across different employment exit pathways in middle-to-older age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5,754 individuals aged 50-75 from the US Health and Retirement Survey.
  • Employed logistic regression to analyze twice-weekly participation in light, moderate, and vigorous PA.
  • Compared individuals transitioning to part-time work, semi-retirement, full retirement, or disability-related inactivity against those remaining in full-time employment.

Main Results:

  • Moderate PA decreased slightly for those remaining employed; vigorous and light PA showed little change.
  • Transitioning to part-time employment was associated with higher baseline PA across all intensities.
  • Full retirement and semi-retirement showed increases in PA, particularly vigorous and moderate intensities.
  • Disability-related inactivity corresponded to significant declines in all PA intensities.
  • Unemployment showed increased light PA but little change in moderate or vigorous PA.

Conclusions:

  • The type of transition out of full-time employment significantly influences physical activity (PA) levels and intensity.
  • Semi-retirement and full retirement appear to be periods where PA can increase.
  • Disability-related economic inactivity is linked to substantial reductions in physical activity.