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Soy isoflavone intake is associated with risk of Kawasaki disease

Michael A Portman1, Sandi L Navarro2, Margaret E Bruce3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.

Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.)
|July 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Childhood dietary soy isoflavone intake, particularly genistein, is linked to increased Kawasaki disease (KD) risk in US children. This finding may explain ethnic variations in KD incidence, but maternal intake during pregnancy did not show a significant association.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute childhood vasculitis with highest incidence in Asian populations.
  • Ethnic variations in KD incidence suggest potential roles for genetic, dietary, or environmental factors.
  • Soy isoflavones are bioactive compounds found in soy products, with potential health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between dietary soy and isoflavone consumption in children with KD.
  • To examine maternal soy and isoflavone intake during pregnancy and nursing in relation to KD risk.
  • To explore if soy isoflavone consumption explains ethnic-cultural variations in KD incidence in the US.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving nearly 200 US children diagnosed with KD and 200 age-matched controls.
  • Food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary soy food intake and isoflavone consumption in children and their mothers.
  • Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between isoflavone intake and KD risk, stratified by ethnicity.

Main Results:

  • Childhood consumption of total isoflavones (OR, 2.33) and genistein (OR, 2.46) was significantly associated with increased KD risk.
  • Maternal isoflavone intake during pregnancy and nursing did not show a significant association with KD risk in offspring.
  • Asian-American children with the highest soy isoflavone consumption exhibited a substantially elevated KD risk compared to white children.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood dietary intake of soy isoflavones, especially genistein, is a significant risk factor for Kawasaki disease in a diverse US population.
  • Maternal soy intake during critical periods of gestation and lactation is not associated with KD risk.
  • Dietary isoflavone consumption may contribute to the observed ethnic and cultural disparities in Kawasaki disease incidence.

Keywords:
AutoimmuneIsoflavonesKawasaki diseaseMucocutaneous lymph node syndromePhytoestrogens

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