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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Update on New Therapies With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Jennifer J Peterson1, Susan K Steele-Moses2

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Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing
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Immuno-oncology, a cancer therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, shows promising results. Oncology nurses must stay updated on these evolving therapies and manage potential side effects for effective patient care.

Keywords:
CTLA-4PD-1PD-L1immune checkpointimmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy represents a long-standing approach in cancer treatment.
  • Recent advancements have introduced novel drugs with significant therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of immune function, including immunoediting and immune checkpoint theory.
  • To discuss approved immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs.
  • To review nursing implications, administration, side effects, adverse events, and the future of immuno-oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing data from published articles, the American Cancer Society, FDA, and pharmaceutical manufacturers.
  • Searched databases (CINAHL®, OVID®, PubMed) for articles from 2005-2015.
  • Utilized keywords: immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, oncology.

Main Results:

  • Cancer therapies targeting immune checkpoint inhibition demonstrate promising outcomes and are continuously advancing.
  • Oncology nurses require up-to-date knowledge of immune-modulating therapies to assess efficacy and manage side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a significant advancement in cancer therapy.
  • Continuous education for oncology nurses is crucial for managing novel immuno-oncology treatments and their associated adverse events.