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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Deaths allegedly caused by the use of "choke holds" (shime-waza).

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Fatalities Associated With Judo.

E K Koiwai

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 22, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Judo fatalities are rare, with 10 of 19 cases linked to the sport. While cardiac deaths are unavoidable, strict safety rules can prevent most serious judo injuries.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Trauma Surgery
    • Forensic Pathology

    Background:

    • Judo, a popular martial art, carries inherent risks.
    • Understanding injury mechanisms is crucial for athlete safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze judo-related fatalities.
    • To identify causes of death and contributing factors in judo.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report review of 19 judo fatalities.
    • Categorization of deaths by cause: brain injury, cervical fracture-dislocation, cardiac, and miscellaneous.

    Main Results:

    • Five deaths from brain injury, four from cervical fracture-dislocations, five from cardiac issues, and five from other causes.
    • Judo directly contributed to 10 of the 19 fatalities.

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  • Cardiac deaths were often linked to undiagnosed underlying conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Most judo fatalities are preventable through rigorous rule enforcement and safety measures.
    • Cardiac deaths in judo are difficult to predict and prevent.
    • Emphasis on safety protocols is essential to mitigate risks in judo.