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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

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Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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Micelles01:30

Micelles

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Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Detergent-free Ultrafast Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins into Lipid Bilayers Using Fusogenic Complementary-charged Proteoliposomes.
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Highly effective emulsification/demulsification with a CO2-switchable superamphiphile.

Peipei Xu1, Zengzi Wang1, Zhenghe Xu2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel CO2-switchable superamphiphile (D-OA) for creating and breaking oil-in-water emulsions. The material demonstrates rapid, reversible emulsion control using carbon dioxide, with potential for industrial applications.

Keywords:
Assembly and disassemblyCO(2) switchableRapid demulsificationSuperamphiphile

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of responsive materials for emulsion control is crucial.
  • Existing methods for emulsion switching can be slow or inefficient.
  • Need for environmentally friendly and easily switchable emulsion systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel CO2-responsive superamphiphile (D-OA).
  • To investigate the ability of D-OA to form and destabilize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.
  • To explore the potential applications of this CO2-switchable system.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of D-OA from Jeffamine D 230 and oleic acid via electrostatic interaction.
  • Characterization using FT-IR, 1HNMR, surface tension, and interfacial tension measurements.
  • Preparation and CO2-induced switching of paraffin oil/water emulsions.

Main Results:

  • D-OA exhibited a low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and effective interfacial tension reduction.
  • Stable O/W emulsions were formed and rapidly demulsified upon CO2 bubbling.
  • Re-emulsification was achieved by removing CO2, demonstrating reversible control.

Conclusions:

  • The D-OA superamphiphile provides rapid, reversible CO2-triggered emulsion switching.
  • This system shows promise for applications in emulsion-based fabrication, separation, and enhanced oil recovery.