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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Genetic Material01:20

Genetic Material

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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
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What Is a Genome?

Aaron David Goldman1, Laura F Landweber2,3

  • 1Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, United States of America.

Plos Genetics
|July 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The genome, or organism

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • The genome is traditionally viewed as an organism's complete hereditary information repository.
  • DNA transmission across generations is considered the primary mechanism for inheriting traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the oversimplified definition of the genome.
  • To explore how genomic diversity and cell physiology redefine the genome's permanence and informational role.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging research in genomics and cell physiology.
  • Conceptual analysis of established definitions of the genome.

Main Results:

  • Emerging research indicates the genome's role is more complex than a static information repository.
  • Cellular physiology and genomic diversity challenge the notion of the genome's physical permanence.
  • The genome may not be the sole source of organismal information.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional view of the genome as a permanent, sole information source is an oversimplification.
  • A deeper understanding of genomic diversity and cell physiology is necessary to fully grasp inheritance and organismal information.