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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

David H Birnie1, Pablo B Nery1, Andrew C Ha2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) affects about 5% of sarcoidosis patients, causing heart failure, arrhythmias, and conduction issues. Silent cardiac involvement is also common, with treatment and prognosis still under investigation.

Keywords:
atrioventricular blockclinically manifestclinically silentheart failuresudden cardiac deathventricular arrhythmias

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease.
  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) affects 5% of patients, manifesting as conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, or heart failure.
  • A significant portion (20-25%) of sarcoidosis patients have asymptomatic cardiac involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight prognostic factors in clinically manifest CS.
  • To discuss the controversies surrounding clinically silent CS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and guidelines on cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • Analysis of prognostic indicators in patients with manifest CS.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies including immunosuppression and device therapy.

Main Results:

  • Left ventricular dysfunction is a key predictor of prognosis in manifest CS.
  • The outcomes for patients with clinically silent CS remain debated.
  • Immunosuppression and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are common treatment modalities for manifest CS.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis presents with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Prognosis in manifest CS is linked to left ventricular function.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the management and outcomes of silent CS.