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Meningococcal pneumonia

Matthias Vossen1, Dieter Mitteregger2, Christoph Steininger1

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Div. of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Vaccine
|July 23, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Neisseria meningitidis causes bacterial meningitis globally. Meningococcal pneumonia, a severe complication, is underdiagnosed and requires clinical awareness for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in children and young adults.
  • Meningococcal pneumonia is the second most common severe end-organ manifestation of invasive meningococcal disease, affecting 5-15% of patients.
  • Diagnosis of meningococcal pneumonia requires high clinical suspicion, leading to likely underreporting and underestimation of its incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize available data on meningococcal pneumonia.
  • To present risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment, and prognosis.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing this underdiagnosed condition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 344 reported cases of meningococcal pneumonia.
  • Data collection from the Americas, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
  • Analysis of cases reported between 1906 and 2015.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed a significant number of cases over a century.
  • Key aspects including risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes were examined.
  • The study underscores the diagnostic challenges and potential for underestimation.

Conclusions:

  • Meningococcal pneumonia is a significant, though often underrecognized, complication of invasive meningococcal disease.
  • Increased clinical awareness is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Further research may be needed to fully understand its epidemiology and optimize treatment strategies.
Keywords:
Invasive meningococcal diseaseNeisseria meningitidisPneumonia

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