Regulation of antifreeze protein production in winter flounder: a unique function for growth hormone

Salmon pituitary extract and the protein fraction unabsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose, the carbohydrate-poor fraction, depressed plasma levels of antifreeze proteins (AFP) when the pituitary fractions were administered to flounder in late fall or winter. The active pituitary protein occurred in the fraction with a mean molecular weight of 25,000. The two major isohormones of growth hormone (GH) were the only biologically active proteins identified from the pituitary. Hypophysectomized flounder synthesize AFP in the spring and the two isohormones of GH suppress the synthesis. The fraction of flounder pituitaries containing putative GH depressed flounder plasma levels of AFP in late fall.