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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Equation of Continuity01:12

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Fluid motion is represented by either velocity vectors or streamlines. The volume of a fluid flowing past a given location through an area during a period of time is called the flow rate Q, or more precisely, the volume flow rate. Flow rate and velocity are related—for instance, a river has a greater flow rate if the velocity of the water in it is greater. However, the flow rate also depends on the size and shape of the river. The relationship between flow rate (Q) and average speed (v)...
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Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Continuity Equation01:28

Continuity Equation

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The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

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Capillarity-driven flows at the continuum limit.

Olivier Vincent1, Alexandre Szenicer, Abraham D Stroock

  • 1Cornell University, Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA. orv3@cornell.edu.

Soft Matter
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We explored nanoscale capillary-driven flows using a novel microfluidic platform. Extreme stresses revealed limitations in continuum theories, showing molecular-scale slip lengths during drying-induced nanoflows.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Capillary-driven flows are crucial in various natural and engineered systems.
  • Understanding nanoscale fluid behavior under extreme conditions remains a challenge.
  • Continuum theories often fail at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate nanoscale capillary-driven flow dynamics.
  • To test the validity of continuum fluid mechanics theories at extreme stress ranges.
  • To identify the breakdown of continuum mechanics at the molecular level.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an original platform combining nanoscale pores (approximately 3 nm diameter) and microfluidic features.
  • Generated precisely controlled nanoflows driven by extreme stresses up to 100 MPa of tension.
  • Performed quantitative tests of Kelvin-Laplace equation and Poiseuille flow.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a coupling between thermodynamics and fluid mechanics in nanoscale drying.
  • Observed breakdown of continuum theories, characterized by a negative slip length of molecular dimension.
  • Achieved a coherent understanding across drying-induced permeation, imbibition, and poroelastic transients.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale capillary-driven flows exhibit complex behavior deviating from classical continuum theories.
  • Extreme stresses during drying can be harnessed to generate tunable nanoflows.
  • The study provides quantitative data for refining nanoscale fluid mechanics models.