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Motor sequence learning in the elderly: differential activity patterns as a function of hand modality.

Luis Eudave1, Maite Aznárez-Sanado1,2,3, Elkin O Luis1,2,3

  • 1Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, University of Navarra Campus, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Motor sequence learning (MSL) in the elderly is impaired in bimanual tasks, showing more errors and slower execution. Brain activity differs across hand use, with specific networks for dominant hand learning and bimanual coordination.

Keywords:
AccuracyBimanualMotor sequence learningTimingfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Previous motor sequence learning (MSL) research in the elderly primarily examined unilateral tasks.
  • Bilateral coordination, crucial for daily activities, may be disproportionately affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral and neural differences in MSL using unilateral (right/left) and bimanual tasks in elderly individuals.
  • To identify distinct brain activity patterns associated with different hand modalities during early MSL.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 28 right-handed elderly subjects.
  • Participants performed novel and control motor sequences using the right, left, and both hands.
  • Behavioral metrics (Accuracy, Inter-tap Interval) and brain activity were recorded during early learning.

Main Results:

  • Bimanual novel MSL showed significantly lower accuracy and slower execution compared to unilateral tasks.
  • Brain activity during learning varied by hand: right-hand showed pre-SMA, basal ganglia, hippocampus activation; bimanual showed parietal and cerebellar activation.
  • Left-hand learning showed no significant activity modulation; performance correlates revealed modality-specific network engagement.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial and temporal aspects of MSL are compromised in elderly individuals during bimanual tasks.
  • Distinct neural networks support unilateral (especially dominant hand) and bimanual motor sequence learning in aging.
  • Findings highlight specialized neural networks for dominant hand function and identify brain areas critical for bimanual coordination.