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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Magnesium deficiency is widespread among women of childbearing age.
  • Pregnancy increases magnesium requirements, often unmet by typical diets.
  • Maternal magnesium insufficiency may negatively impact pregnancy outcomes and offspring health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and risks of magnesium deficiency in pregnancy.
  • To highlight the limitations of current serum magnesium testing.
  • To recommend improved diagnostic methods and dietary strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on magnesium levels in pregnant women.
  • Analysis of the association between magnesium status and pregnancy complications.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods for magnesium deficiency.

Main Results:

  • Serum magnesium testing has significant limitations for assessing deficiency in pregnant women.
  • Limited evidence suggests links between magnesium inadequacy and gestational diabetes, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.
  • Red blood cell magnesium measurement is proposed as a more reliable testing method.

Conclusions:

  • Current serum magnesium tests are inadequate for assessing deficiency in pregnant women.
  • Improved testing, such as red blood cell magnesium measurement, is needed.
  • Pregnant women should increase dietary intake of magnesium-rich foods or consider supplementation.