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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

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A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Cyclic Evolution of Coronal Fields from a Coupled Dynamo Potential-Field Source-Surface Model.

Mausumi Dikpati1, Akshaya Suresh2, Joan Burkepile1

  • 1High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3080 Center Green, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 United States.

Solar Physics
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Sun's corona structure changes with the solar cycle, driven by internal magnetic fields. A new model links dynamo action to coronal shape, explaining variations and predicting future solar activity.

Keywords:
Corona, modelCorona, structureSolar cycleVelocity fields, interior

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Area of Science:

  • Solar physics
  • Heliophysics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The Sun's corona exhibits varying structures throughout the solar cycle, transitioning from spherical symmetry at solar maximum to a dipole at solar minimum.
  • Large-scale coronal structure is primarily influenced by magnetic fields generated by dynamo action within the solar interior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the variations in solar coronal structure by coupling a potential-field source-surface model with a cyclic dynamo model.
  • To investigate the physical causes behind unusual coronal structures, such as the 2008 solar minimum departure from a dipole.

Main Methods:

  • Coupled a potential-field source-surface model with a cyclic dynamo model to simulate solar magnetic fields from the interior to the corona.
  • Used associated Legendre polynomials to represent coronal structures and computed coefficients up to degree eight using observational data.
  • Incorporated North-South asymmetry in the surface source of magnetic fields within a flux-transport dynamo model.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully reproduces the observed solar cycle variation in coronal structure, with dipole terms dominating at minimum and higher-order multipolar terms increasing as the cycle progresses.
  • A longitude dependence was observed, indicated by differing amplitudes for the two limbs.
  • The 2008 solar minimum showed a significant departure from a dipole structure, unlike the 1986 and 1996 minima.

Conclusions:

  • The coupled model provides a framework for understanding solar cycle-driven coronal structure variations.
  • North-South asymmetry in magnetic field sources is a potential explanation for the unusual 2008 solar minimum coronal structure.
  • Further research into dynamo mechanisms and their surface manifestations is crucial for accurate solar cycle prediction.