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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Assessing Activity-based Anorexia in Mice
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New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa.

Philip Gorwood1, Corinne Blanchet-Collet2, Nicolas Chartrel3

  • 1Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne (CMME)Paris, France; UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Anorexia nervosa (AN) involves low body weight, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted self-perception. Recent research suggests AN may stem from reward pathway abnormalities or a bid to maintain mental balance.

Keywords:
autoantibodieseating disordersmental homeostasismicrobiotareward system adaptationssusceptibility factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by low body weight, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image.
  • Current understanding is evolving beyond traditional definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on the underlying mechanisms of anorexia nervosa.
  • To explore AN as a disorder of reward pathways or a homeostatic regulatory attempt.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological, genetic, epigenetic, and brain imaging studies.
  • Analysis of orexigenic peptides, gut microbiota, and neuropeptide signaling.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests AN may involve abnormalities in reward pathways.
  • Ghrelin resistance and dysregulation of orexigenic peptides are implicated.
  • Gut microbiota and neuropeptide signaling disorders are also considered.

Conclusions:

  • AN may be viewed as a complex interplay of physiological, genetic, and neurological factors.
  • Underlying vulnerability factors and secondary physiological processes contribute to the condition.