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Mapping the complete neural connections of a whole brain is now achievable. Advances in electron microscopy and sample preparation bring whole-brain cellular connectomics closer, despite remaining challenges in data acquisition and reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Connectomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The Neuron Doctrine posits neurons as fundamental nervous system units, established by Ramón y Cajal.
  • Previous methods like diffusion tensor imaging offer mesoscopic brain connectivity but not complete cellular mapping.
  • Limitations in historical imaging and computational tools hindered full brain mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the current status and challenges of generating a mammalian whole-brain cellular connectome.
  • To advocate for a focused effort to achieve whole-brain cellular connectomics in a small mammal.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging recent advancements in whole-brain sample preparation techniques.
  • Utilizing high-throughput electron microscopy (EM) for detailed neural imaging.
  • Addressing challenges in large-volume EM data acquisition and automated neurite reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Whole-brain cellular connectomics is becoming attainable.
  • Significant obstacles persist in electron microscopic data acquisition and reconstruction.
  • Current methods do not provide complete connectivity data for all neurons in an individual brain.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, whole-brain cellular connectomics is within reach.
  • A coordinated effort is recommended to map a small mammalian whole brain.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming EM acquisition and reconstruction hurdles.