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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
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Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

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Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
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Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

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Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
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Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs
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Comparison between Variable and Conventional Volume-Controlled Ventilation on Cardiorespiratory Parameters in

Isabela Henriques1, Gisele A Padilha1, Robert Huhle2

  • 1Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Frontiers in Physiology
|July 23, 2016
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Summary

Variable ventilation improved lung function and reduced ventilator-induced lung injury in an emphysema model. However, it also led to impaired right cardiac function in rats with elastase-induced emphysema.

Keywords:
alveolar hyperinflationechocardiographyelastanceelastic fibersurfactant protein-D

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Background:

  • Emphysema is characterized by lung tissue elasticity loss and structural destruction.
  • The effects of mechanical ventilation on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in emphysema are not well understood.
  • Developing novel ventilation strategies is crucial to minimize VILI in emphysema patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize an elastase-induced emphysema model in rats.
  • To identify the time point of maximal cardiorespiratory impairment in this model.
  • To compare variable ventilation (VV) with conventional volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) regarding lung mechanics, VILI, and cardiac function.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar rats received intratracheal porcine pancreatic elastase or saline weekly for 4 weeks.
  • Cardiorespiratory impairment was assessed at various time points post-instillation.
  • Emphysematous rats were ventilated with VV or VCV, and compared to non-ventilated controls.

Main Results:

  • The peak cardiorespiratory impairment occurred 5 weeks after the last elastase instillation.
  • Variable ventilation (VV) reduced respiratory system elastance, alveolar collapse, and hyperinflation compared to VCV in emphysematous rats.
  • VV increased right ventricular diastolic area, indicating impaired cardiac function, and elevated surfactant protein-D levels.

Conclusions:

  • Variable ventilation shows potential in improving lung function and reducing VILI in emphysema.
  • VV may exacerbate right cardiac dysfunction in the context of elastase-induced emphysema.
  • Further research is needed to optimize VV strategies for emphysema patients, balancing lung protection and cardiac safety.