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Acetogenic bacteria convert synthesis gas (syngas) to acetate, which Aspergillus oryzae then ferments into malic acid. This two-step bioprocess efficiently produces malic acid from industrial waste gases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Sustainable Chemical Production

Background:

  • Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation by acetogenic bacteria offers a sustainable route to bulk chemicals, but yields for C4 molecules are limited.
  • Fungal production of malic acid shows high yields but is typically restricted to sugar-based substrates.
  • Bridging syngas fermentation with fungal biotransformation presents an opportunity to utilize waste gases for valuable chemical production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of producing malic acid from syngas via a sequential fermentation process.
  • To demonstrate the ability of *Aspergillus oryzae* to utilize acetate, a product of syngas fermentation, as a sole carbon source for malic acid production.
  • To optimize conditions for a two-step bioprocess involving *Clostridium ljungdahlii* for acetate production and *A. oryzae* for malic acid synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential mixed-culture fermentation using *Clostridium ljungdahlii* for syngas fermentation and *Aspergillus oryzae* for subsequent malic acid production.
  • Bioreactor cultivation under controlled conditions, including syngas sparging (CO, H2, CO2, N2) for acetogenesis and air sparging for fungal fermentation.
  • Optimization of medium composition, specifically reducing ammonia content, to support dicarboxylic acid production by *A. oryzae*.

Main Results:

  • *Aspergillus oryzae* successfully produced malic acid using acetate from syngas fermentation as the sole carbon source.
  • Malic acid yield (*Yp/S*) reached 0.37 g/g when *A. oryzae* utilized acetate produced in the syngas fermentation medium.
  • *Clostridium ljungdahlii* efficiently converted 66% of consumed syngas to acetate, with growth and acetate formation unaffected by reduced ammonia levels.

Conclusions:

  • A sequential fermentation process combining syngas conversion to acetate and subsequent fungal fermentation to malic acid is viable.
  • This integrated approach offers a promising strategy for the sustainable production of malic acid from non-food feedstocks like industrial waste gases.
  • The study highlights the potential of *A. oryzae* in biotransformation processes utilizing acetate derived from syngas fermentation.