Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Net Change Theorem

Net Change Theorem

The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application...

Norton Equivalent Circuits

Norton Equivalent Circuits

Norton's theorem is a fundamental concept in the field of electrical engineering that allows for the simplification of complex AC circuits. The theorem states that any two-terminal linear network can be replaced with an equivalent circuit that consists of an impedance, which is parallel with a constant current source. Figure 1 shows the AC circuit portioned into two parts: Circuit A and Circuit B, while Figure 2 depicts the circuit obtained by replacing Circuit A by its Norton equivalent...

Uncertainty: Overview

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.

The Delta-to-Delta Circuit

The Delta-to-Delta Circuit

In a delta-delta configuration, the source and the load are connected in a delta manner, forming a closed loop that divides the network into three distinct phases. This configuration makes the phase voltages identical to line voltages. Assuming the sources are in positive sequence, the phase voltages can be expressed directly without having a neutral wire.

Circuit Terminology

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing approaches.

Infection and immunity·2025

Same author

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heteroaryl, Squaramide, and Indolcarboxamide Derivatives as Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonists to Target Neuroinflammation.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2025

Same author

Tricyclic Isatin Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Compounds with High Kinase Binding Affinity.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Hydrogen Sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)-Donating Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) Agonists: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation in Primary Mouse Microglia Culture.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Evaluation of capsule polysaccharide (CPS)-specific antibodies for broad recognition of prominent multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2025

Same author

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> SaeR/S-regulated factors overcome human complement-mediated inhibition of aggregation to evade neutrophil killing.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

NET Confusion.

Natalia Malachowa¹, Scott D Kobayashi¹, Mark T Quinn²

¹Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT , USA.

Frontiers in Immunology

|July 23, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neutrophils are key immune cells fighting infections but can harm host tissues. This study questions if neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) forming via cell death align with immune containment mechanisms.

Keywords:

extracellular trap host defense inflammation inflammatory disorder neutrophil

More Related Videos

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Neutrophils are crucial white blood cells for combating bacterial and fungal infections.
They are rapidly recruited to sites of injury or infection.
Phagocytosis and microbial killing are their primary defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide perspective on the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in human host defense and disease.
To examine the consistency of NET formation via cytolysis with neutrophil containment processes.

Main Methods:

Literature review and conceptual analysis of neutrophil function and NET formation.
Comparison of NET formation mechanisms with known neutrophil "containment" processes.

Main Results:

Neutrophils possess potent cytotoxic molecules but also host-controlled activation and containment mechanisms.
NET formation by cytolysis appears potentially inconsistent with these containment strategies.

Conclusions:

The formation of NETs via cytolysis warrants careful consideration in the context of established neutrophil regulation.
Further research is needed to reconcile NET formation with existing knowledge of neutrophil homeostasis and host defense.