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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

$Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus$

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Turf Toe: Diagnosis and Treatment.

S A Rodeo, S J O'Brien, R F Warren

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

|July 23, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial playing surfaces and lightweight shoes increase the risk of turf toe, a great toe sprain. This review covers anatomy, injury causes, diagnosis, and prevention strategies for this common football injury.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Orthopedics
Biomechanics

Background:

Artificial playing surfaces and lightweight footwear are increasingly common in football.
These factors are associated with a higher incidence of metatarsophalangeal joint sprains of the great toe, known as turf toe.
Artificial turf offers reduced shock absorption, and lightweight shoes provide inadequate player support, contributing to the injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the anatomy, injury mechanisms, and diagnosis of turf toe.
To discuss potential long-term consequences of turf toe injuries.
To provide guidelines for the treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of turf toe.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pertinent anatomy and injury biomechanics.
Analysis of clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic imaging findings.
Synthesis of current treatment and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

Turf toe results from hyperextension of the great toe metatarsophalangeal joint.
Clinical presentation includes pain, hyperemia, and swelling; radiography typically shows soft-tissue swelling without fractures.
Understanding injury mechanisms is key to effective management.

Conclusions:

Turf toe is a significant injury in football, linked to playing surface and footwear.
Comprehensive management requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and proactive prevention measures.
Adherence to guidelines for return to activity and prevention can mitigate recurrence and long-term sequelae.