Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.3K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

7.2K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
7.2K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

53.3K
Overview
53.3K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.2K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.2K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.4K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.4K
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

359
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
359

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

B-BEST: Profiling the intrahepatic HBV reservoir at single-cell resolution.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2026
Same author

Research without borders: advancing equitable global partnerships to accelerate HBV elimination efforts.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same author

Hepatitis D Virus: Enigmas and Gaps of Knowledge.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Adenine Base Editing Potently Suppresses Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Expression and Inhibits Hepatitis D Virus Release.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Circulating HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen as determinants of HBsAg loss in persons with HIV in Europe.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Functional immune responses induced by a capsid assembly modulator in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected humanized mice.

Cell host & microbe·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.5K

HBV cure: why, how, when?

Massimo Levrero1, Barbara Testoni2, Fabien Zoulim3

  • 1Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon 69008, France; INSERM, U1052, Lyon 69003, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69002 Lyon, France; Department of Internal Medicine - DMISM, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; CLNS@SAPIENZA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy.

Current Opinion in Virology
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatments manage replication but not cure the infection. New therapies aim for functional cures by targeting the persistent viral cccDNA, offering hope for treatment cessation.

More Related Videos

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

6.3K
Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.5K
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

6.3K
Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Current therapies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) effectively control viral replication and liver disease.
  • Lifelong treatment is often necessary due to the persistence of transcriptionally active covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocytes.
  • cccDNA is not directly targeted by existing antiviral medications, hindering a complete cure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore innovative therapeutic strategies for achieving a functional cure for HBV infection.
  • To investigate methods for eliminating or inactivating intranuclear cccDNA, the main barrier to complete HBV eradication.
  • To leverage recent technological and scientific advancements for novel HBV treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent breakthroughs in cloning the HBV receptor, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP).
  • Employing in vitro HBV infection models to test new antiviral and immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • Developing approaches to target the persistent cccDNA in infected hepatocytes.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding HBV replication and persistence have been made.
  • New technologies facilitate the development of novel therapeutic targets.
  • Innovative antiviral and immune-therapeutic strategies are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving a functional cure for HBV, characterized by HBsAg loss and inactive cccDNA, is a critical goal.
  • Targeting intranuclear cccDNA is essential for complete HBV eradication and treatment cessation.
  • Recent scientific advances open new avenues for developing curative HBV therapies.