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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research
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Heel Pain in an Active Adolescent?

L A Crosby, S T McMullen

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 23, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Calcaneal apophysitis, or Sever's disease, causes heel pain in adolescents. Radiographic findings previously mistaken for osteochondrosis are now understood as normal development and unrelated to pain. Treatment is effective.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics

    Background:

    • Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease) is a common cause of heel pain in active adolescents.
    • Symptoms include pain in the posterior heel (os calcis).
    • Radiographic findings like fragmentation and increased density at the calcaneal apophysis were historically misattributed to osteochondrosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clarify the nature of radiographic findings in calcaneal apophysitis.
    • To differentiate normal apophyseal development from pathological conditions.
    • To summarize current effective treatment strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of radiographic findings associated with calcaneal apophysitis.
    • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical symptoms.

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  • Summary of established treatment protocols.

    • Main Results:

    • Radiographic changes at the calcaneal apophysis are a normal developmental stage.
    • These findings are not indicative of osteochondrosis.
    • The observed radiographic changes are unrelated to the symptomatic presentation of heel pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcaneal apophysitis is a self-limiting condition related to normal apophyseal development.
    • Effective management involves conservative measures.
    • Treatment includes activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication, icing, heel lifts, and stretching, yielding excellent outcomes.