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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Pain in autoimmune disorders.

Katherine A Mifflin1, Bradley J Kerr1,2,3,4

  • 1Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune diseases often cause pathological pain by involving the immune system, T-cells, and microglia. Autoantibodies may offer new therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune disease pain.

Keywords:
Sjörden's syndromeT cellsTh17VGCCautoantibodiesautoimmune diseasecompleximmune systemmicrogliapathological painregional pain syndromerheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases frequently manifest with pathological pain.
  • Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome exemplify this link.
  • Understanding the immune system's role in pain is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research connecting the immune system to pathological pain in autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore the emerging role of autoantibodies in pain mechanisms.
  • To identify potential new therapeutic targets for autoimmune pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on autoimmunity and pain.
  • Analysis of research on immune cell involvement (T-cells, microglia).
  • Examination of autoantibody functions in pain development.

Main Results:

  • Pathological pain is associated with T-cell activation and cytokine release from microglia.
  • Autoantibodies contribute to pain by altering neuronal excitability and mediating tissue damage.
  • Specific autoantibodies target neuronal antigens like voltage-gated potassium channels.

Conclusions:

  • Autoantibodies represent a significant area for understanding autoimmune disease-related pain.
  • Further research into autoantibody mechanisms could lead to novel analgesic therapies.
  • Targeting autoantibodies may provide new avenues for pain management in autoimmune conditions.