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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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mRNA-Based Therapeutics - Advances and Perspectives.

O V Sergeeva1, V E Koteliansky, T S Zatsepin

  • 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia. olga.sergeeva.v@gmail.com.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
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PubMed
Summary

This review covers messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and modifications for improved in vivo translation and reduced immune response. It highlights liposome and nanoparticle delivery systems and discusses mRNA applications in cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, and replacement therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) holds significant therapeutic potential.
  • Optimizing mRNA stability and delivery is crucial for in vivo applications.
  • Minimizing the innate immune response to mRNA is essential for efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mRNA synthesis and modification strategies.
  • To discuss advanced mRNA delivery systems.
  • To highlight current clinical applications of mRNA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mRNA synthesis and modification techniques.
  • Analysis of lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticle delivery systems.
  • Overview of mRNA-based therapeutics in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Specific chemical modifications can enhance mRNA stability and reduce immunogenicity.
  • Liposomes and nanoparticles are effective for in vivo mRNA delivery.
  • mRNA therapeutics are progressing through clinical trials for diverse indications.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA technology offers a versatile platform for therapeutic development.
  • Continued advancements in synthesis and delivery are expanding mRNA's clinical utility.
  • mRNA therapies show promise in cancer immunotherapy, infectious disease vaccination, and genetic disorders.