Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

31.6K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
31.6K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.9K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.9K
The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

76.0K
Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
76.0K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

50.1K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
50.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Photothermal effects control ultrafast charge transport in titanium carbide MXenes.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A novel strategy of "Separation Surgery Combined with Vertebroplasty and Interstitial Implantation of <sup>125</sup>I Seeds (SSVPI)" in managing thoracic metastases from lung adenocarcinoma with spinal cord compression.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Stage-Specific Expression and Perinuclear Enrichment of γ-Tubulin During Tomont Development and Theront Morphogenesis in Cryptocaryon irritans.

The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology·2026
Same author

Correction: The role of gut microbiota mediated ferroptosis in PCOS and the therapeutic potential of Chinese herbal medicine.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Exosomal miR-4644 Targets SPRY3 to Promote Proliferation and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer.

Cancer medicine·2026
Same author

Particle transport in porous media under multiphase flow conditions: Experimental techniques, coupled dynamics, and future perspectives.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Simple Dry Sectioning Method for Obtaining Whole-Seed-Sized Resin Section and Its Applications
10:10

A Simple Dry Sectioning Method for Obtaining Whole-Seed-Sized Resin Section and Its Applications

Published on: January 23, 2021

5.2K

Rice caryopsis development II: Dynamic changes in the endosperm.

Xiaoba Wu1, Jinxin Liu1, Dongqi Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|July 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details daily rice endosperm development over 30 days, revealing key stages like nuclear division, cellularization, and storage product accumulation. It highlights programmed cell death in the starchy endosperm and aleurone differentiation.

Keywords:
Caryopsisdifferentiationendospermprogrammed cell deathrice

More Related Videos

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
06:28

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.3K
Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support
05:22

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

Published on: January 25, 2022

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Simple Dry Sectioning Method for Obtaining Whole-Seed-Sized Resin Section and Its Applications
10:10

A Simple Dry Sectioning Method for Obtaining Whole-Seed-Sized Resin Section and Its Applications

Published on: January 23, 2021

5.2K
Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
06:28

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.3K
Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support
05:22

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

Published on: January 25, 2022

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • The rice endosperm is vital for embryo nourishment during development and germination.
  • Existing research offers general insights, but a comprehensive, day-by-day analysis of rice endosperm development is missing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate and document the daily developmental process of the rice endosperm over 30 days post-fertilization.
  • To provide a detailed timeline of key events including cell division, differentiation, and programmed cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Daily observation and analysis of rice endosperm development from 0 to 30 days after pollination (DAP).
  • Microscopic examination to track mitotic divisions, cellularization, and cell differentiation.
  • Monitoring of storage product accumulation and programmed cell death indicators.

Main Results:

  • Coenocytic nuclear division occurred within the first 2 DAP, followed by cellularization from 3 to 5 DAP.
  • Aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation occurred between 6 and 9 DAP, with storage product accumulation starting at 6 DAP and completing by 21 DAP.
  • Programmed cell death was observed in the starchy endosperm from 8 DAP, progressing throughout the tissue by 21 DAP, while the aleurone layer remained viable.

Conclusions:

  • Rice endosperm development is a precisely orchestrated process involving distinct phases of cell division, differentiation, and programmed cell death.
  • The aleurone layer plays a crucial role as the sole living component of the mature endosperm, supporting the embryo.
  • This detailed developmental map provides a foundation for understanding rice seed biology and potential improvements in grain quality.