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Suicide Risk in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Gianluca Serafini, Pietro Calcagno, David Lester

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Elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) face a moderate suicide risk. Early assessment and understanding of risk factors are crucial for preventing suicidal behavior in AD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicidal behavior is a significant cause of mortality in the elderly, often co-occurring with disabilities and psychosocial challenges.
  • Neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are prevalent in older populations.
  • Existing research suggests Alzheimer's disease may predict suicidal behavior, but this link requires systematic exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the association between suicide risk and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To identify key risk and protective factors for suicide in individuals with AD.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Science Direct.
  • Searched terms included "suicidal behavior" and "Alzheimer's disease" from January 1980 to August 2015.
  • Included studies comprised cross-sectional, longitudinal, retrospective designs, and case reports, totaling 21 articles from 164 initial results.

Main Results:

  • Suicide can occur in Alzheimer's disease patients even many years post-diagnosis.
  • Individuals with a history of suicide attempts exhibit an elevated risk of completed suicide.
  • Alzheimer's disease is associated with a moderate overall risk of suicide.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should proactively assess suicidal risk in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further prospective research is necessary to fully elucidate the complex relationship between AD and suicide risk.
  • Understanding risk and protective factors is vital for intervention strategies.