Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types

Attachment

Attachment

Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

University-Community Partnerships to Support Responsive Caregiving: The Hearts and Minds on Babies Implementation Story.

Early childhood education journal·2023

Same author

Mothers' Use of Regulatory Talk with Toddlers in Chile and the US: How Do Cultural Values and Children's Gender Affect Mothers' Regulatory Talk at 12 and 30 Months?

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

The Impact of Contextual, Maternal and Prenatal Factors on Receptive Language in a Chilean Longitudinal Birth Cohort.

Child psychiatry and human development·2020

Same author

Mothers' competence profiles and their relation to language and socioemotional development in Chilean children at 12 and 30 months.

Infant behavior & development·2020

Same author

Breastfeeding initiation and duration in Chile: understanding the social and health determinants.

Journal of epidemiology and community health·2019

Same author

Breastfeeding and behavioural problems: Propensity score matching with a national cohort of infants in Chile.

BMJ open·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Differences in infant temperament between Chile and the US.

Chamarrita Farkas¹, Claire Vallotton²

¹Psychology School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.

Infant Behavior & Development

|July 25, 2016

Summary

This study validated the Spanish Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised - Very Short Form (IBQ-R-VSF) and found significant cultural differences in infant temperament between Chile and the US.

Keywords:

Cross-cultural Gender Infancy Parents’ educational level Temperament

More Related Videos

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Published on: February 25, 2016

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Published on: February 25, 2016

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Child Development

Background:

Temperament, characterized by individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, emerges early and is influenced by genetics and environment.
Cultural variations in infant temperament are increasingly recognized, necessitating culturally sensitive assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate the Spanish version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised - Very Short Form (IBQ-R-VSF) for use in Chile.
To compare the temperament of 12-month-old infants in Chile and the United States.

Main Methods:

150 Chilean infants and 73 US infants (aged 10-15 months) participated.
Parents completed the IBQ-R-VSF, assessing Surgency, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control.
Reliability of the IBQ-R-VSF in the Chilean sample ranged from 0.70 to 0.75.

Main Results:

The Spanish IBQ-R-VSF demonstrated good reliability for the Chilean sample.
Chilean infants showed higher Effortful Control compared to US infants.
US infants exhibited higher Negative Affectivity than Chilean infants.

Conclusions:

The Spanish IBQ-R-VSF is a reliable measure for assessing infant temperament in Chile.
Significant cultural differences in infant temperament exist between Chile and the US.
Parental education level correlated with infant Surgency in both countries.