Inner Ear Barotrauma After Underwater Pool Competency Training Without the Use of Compressed Air Case and Review

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Aerospace Medicine
• Diving Medicine

Background:

• Inner ear barotrauma results from pressure dysregulation in gas-filled ear chambers.
• Ambient pressure changes, even minor ones, can induce significant stress on middle and inner ear structures.
• Failure of pressure equalization techniques (e.g., Valsalva maneuver) can lead to middle ear overpressurization.

Observation:

• A 23-year-old male Marine experienced nausea and gait instability post-underwater exercises.
• The incident occurred at a maximum depth of 13 feet without breathing compressed air.
• Symptoms suggest potential injury to the vestibulocochlear system.

Findings:

• Inner ear barotrauma can manifest with vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
• The case underscores that barotrauma is possible even in shallow water without compressed gas exposure.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Implications:

• This case emphasizes the need to consider inner ear barotrauma in patients with vestibular symptoms after pressure changes.
• Differentiating inner ear barotrauma from inner ear decompression sickness is critical for appropriate treatment.
• Understanding barotrauma mechanisms aids in preventing and managing ear injuries in diverse environments.