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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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Utility of novel androgen receptor therapies in the real world: A nuanced approach

Mallika Dhawan1, Charles J Ryan1

  • 1Genitourinary Medical Oncology Program, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.

Urologic Oncology
|July 25, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Abiraterone and enzalutamide are effective but resistance develops. This review covers resistance mechanisms, new therapies, and guidance on using androgen receptor agents in prostate cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Abiraterone and enzalutamide are widely used for prostate cancer due to safety and efficacy.
  • Resistance to these androgen receptor–targeted therapies is a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic agents for overcoming resistance.
  • To provide clinical guidance on the use of androgen receptor agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanisms of resistance.
  • Review of novel therapeutic agents.
  • Analysis of clinical decision-making for androgen receptor agents.

Main Results:

  • Resistance mechanisms to newer agents are complex and varied.
  • Novel therapeutic agents show promise in preclinical and early clinical studies.
  • Evidence-based recommendations for agent sequencing and discontinuation are needed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.
  • New therapeutic agents offer potential for improved outcomes in resistant prostate cancer.
  • Clinical guidelines are essential for optimizing the use of androgen receptor agents.
Keywords:
Androgen receptor therapiesNovel therapiesProstate cancerResistance mechanisms

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