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On the Bantu expansion.

Daine J Rowold1, David Perez-Benedico2, Oliver Stojkovic3

  • 1Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Y-chromosome analysis reveals shared Bantu heritage and shallow expansion time. Southeast African Bantu populations show unique gene flow with Eurasians, not East/Central Bantu groups, and distinct Khoisan interactions.

Keywords:
BantuForensic analysisPopulation geneticsSouth East AfricansY-STRsY-chromosome

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Human Evolutionary Studies
  • African Genomics

Background:

  • The Bantu Expansion significantly shaped the genetic landscape of sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Understanding Y-chromosome diversity is crucial for tracing paternal lineages and population movements.
  • Fine-resolution Y-SNP and Y-STR analyses offer insights into recent population history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the Y-chromosome affinities of three Southeast African Bantu-speaking populations.
  • To investigate the genetic relationships between these populations and other African ethno-linguistic groups.
  • To explore gene flow patterns and historical connections within and outside the Bantu expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Fine resolution Y-single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) and Y-short tandem repeat (Y-STR) analyses.
  • Genotyping of 267 males from three Southeast African Bantu-speaking populations.
  • Comparative analysis with 74 African reference populations from major ethno-linguistic groups.

Main Results:

  • General Y-chromosome lineage similarity among Bantu populations suggests a shared heritage and recent Bantu Expansion.
  • Micro-variations indicate location-specific gene flow with non-Bantu groups (Khoisan, Pygmy, Afro-Asiatic).
  • Southeast African Bantu populations show unique Eurasian gene flow patterns and no strong affinity to East/Central Bantu groups. Y-SNP data reveals longitudinal partitioning of R1b1 subgroups in sub-Saharan Africa.

Conclusions:

  • The Bantu Expansion likely occurred over a relatively short period, leaving a discernible Y-chromosome signature.
  • Distinct gene flow patterns exist between Southeast African Bantu populations and surrounding non-Bantu and Eurasian groups.
  • The study refines understanding of Y-chromosome diversity and historical migrations within and across sub-Saharan Africa.