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Related Concept Videos

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

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Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
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Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
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Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates01:27

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In polar coordinates, the motion of a particle follows a curvilinear path. The radial coordinate symbolized as 'r,' extends outward from a fixed origin to the particle, while the angular coordinate, 'θ,' measured in radians, represents the counterclockwise angle between a fixed reference line and the radial line connecting the origin to the particle.
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Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components01:23

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Curvilinear motion characterizes the movement of a particle or object along a curved path, notably evident when envisioning a car navigating a winding road. If the car starts at point A, its position vector is established within a fixed frame of reference, where the ratio of the position vector to its magnitude signifies the unit vector pointing in the position vector's direction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
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Retrospective 3D motion correction using spherical navigator echoes.

Patricia M Johnson1, Junmin Liu2, Trevor Wade2

  • 1Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|July 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new rapid spherical navigator echo (SNAV) technique effectively corrects head motion in brain MRI scans. This method significantly reduces motion artifacts, improving image quality for better diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
Motion correctionNavigator EchoRetrospective motion correctionThree dimensions

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background:

  • Motion artifacts are a significant challenge in brain MRI, potentially compromising image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Existing motion correction techniques can be time-consuming or less effective for certain types of motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a rapid spherical navigator echo (SNAV) technique for motion correction.
  • To apply this SNAV method for retrospective correction of brain MRI images.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-rotated, template matching SNAV (preRot-SNAV) method with a hybrid baseline strategy was developed.
  • The technique was evaluated using phantom experiments and in vivo imaging of volunteers with induced head motion.
  • Retrospective motion correction was performed using SNAV measurements on a 3.0T MRI scanner.

Main Results:

  • Phantom experiments showed agreement within 0.9° and 1mm for rotations and translations compared to the original preRot-SNAV.
  • The hybrid preRot-SNAV effectively corrected in vivo head motion up to 4° and 4mm.
  • Acquisition of baseline templates was achieved in as little as 2.5 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid SNAV approach provides accurate measurement of rotations and translations.
  • Retrospective 3D motion correction using this method successfully reduced motion artifacts in brain MRI.
  • This technique offers a rapid and effective solution for motion correction in neuroimaging.