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Microfold Cells Actively Translocate Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Initiate Infection.

Vidhya R Nair1, Luis H Franco2, Vineetha M Zacharia1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

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Tuberculosis (TB) infection may initiate through microfold cells (M cells) in the airway, not just lung macrophages. This study reveals M cells as a key entry point for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to start TB infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The traditional view suggests Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection begins when alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells engulf the bacteria.
  • However, conclusive evidence supporting this model is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microfold cells (M cells) in the initiation of tuberculosis (TB) infection.
  • To determine if M cells serve as an entry point for Mtb.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiple mouse models, including genetically M cell-deficient mice and antibody-depleted mice.
  • Employed intranasal and aerosol infection routes for Mtb.
  • Used M cell transwell models to observe Mtb translocation.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking M cells showed significantly reduced Mtb invasion and dissemination to lymph nodes.
  • Mtb translocation across M cells in transwell models was rapid and transcellular.
  • M cell depletion delayed Mtb dissemination and reduced mortality in aerosol-infected mice.

Conclusions:

  • Microfold cells (M cells) are a critical pathway for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) entry and the initiation of TB infection.
  • M cell translocation is a vital mechanism contributing to Mtb pathogenesis, challenging the prevailing paradigm.