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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

RNA structure in splicing: An evolutionary perspective.

Chien-Ling Lin¹, Allison J Taggart¹, William G Fairbrother^1,2,3

¹a Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.

|July 26, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Highly structured introns, found in fish and humans, can self-regulate pre-mRNA splicing. These RNA structures, formed by complementary repeats, may enhance gene expression robustness and evolve rapidly.

Keywords:

Dinucleotide repeats U2AF2 intron secondary structure pre-mRNA splicing single nucleotide polymorphism

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Published on: June 30, 2022

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
RNA Biology

Background:

Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a critical post-transcriptional regulatory process.
Introns are removed, and exons are joined during splicing.
A novel class of structured introns has been identified in fish.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the prevalence and potential functions of highly structured introns.
To explore the role of structured introns in gene regulation.
To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of structured introns.

Main Methods:

Analysis of intron structures formed by complementary dimer repeats (AC and GT).
Examination of structured introns in fish and human genomes, including HLA receptor genes.
Investigation of the relationship between intron structure, splicing factor binding, and gene polymorphism.

Main Results:

Structured introns can form bridging structures that ensure correct splice site pairing.
Some fish introns exhibit structures strong enough to splice without regulatory proteins.
In humans, structured introns often result from C and G-rich repeats at intron boundaries.
Structured introns in HLA receptor genes enhance transcript processing robustness.
Highly polymorphic receptor genes frequently contain structured introns.

Conclusions:

Structured introns represent a significant mechanism for regulating pre-mRNA splicing.
These RNA structures contribute to gene expression robustness, particularly in highly polymorphic genes.
The composition of structured introns from simple repeats suggests they are rapidly evolving genetic elements.