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Maxillary Sinus Dimensions With Respect to the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery Decrease With Tooth Loss.

Miguel Velasco-Torres1, Miguel Padial-Molina, Jose A Alarcón

  • 1*Predoctoral Student, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. †Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. ‡Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. §Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. ¶Professor, Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. ‖Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Implant Dentistry
|July 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Tooth loss causes maxillary sinus collapse, bringing the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) artery closer to the sinus floor and alveolar crest. This increases surgical risks during sinus augmentation procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The posterior superior alveolar (PSA) artery is a critical anatomical landmark during direct sinus augmentation.
  • Understanding PSA artery proximity is vital for surgical safety in maxillary sinus procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate patient demographics and edentulism status with PSA artery measurements using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  • To assess the relationship between PSA artery dimensions, distances to anatomical landmarks, and sinus morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 394 CBCT scans to measure PSA artery diameter and its distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest.
  • Recording of patient age, gender, and edentulism status.

Main Results:

  • PSA artery diameter increases with age.
  • Shorter distances from the PSA artery to the sinus floor and alveolar crest were observed in women and edentulous patients.
  • Decreased distances correlated with increased mediolateral sinus width.

Conclusions:

  • Tooth loss results in maxillary sinus vertical collapse relative to the PSA artery.
  • Reduced PSA artery proximity in edentulous patients elevates the risk of intraoperative injury during sinus lift.
  • Increased mediolateral sinus dimensions associated with decreased sinus floor proximity may complicate augmentation techniques.