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Self-Neglect: Development and Evaluation of a Self-Neglect (SN-37) Measurement Instrument.

Mary Rose Day1, Geraldine McCarthy2

  • 1Public Health Nurse Consultant, Careystown, Whitegate, Co. Cork, Ireland.

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Summary

A new 37-item instrument effectively measures professionals' perceptions of self-neglect (SN), aiding in developing targeted interventions for this public health issue.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychometrics
  • Social Gerontology

Background:

  • Self-neglect (SN) is a poorly defined global public health issue impacting adults.
  • Ethical challenges arise in ensuring safe living environments for self-neglecting individuals.
  • A validated instrument is needed to assess professional perceptions of self-neglect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument measuring professional perceptions of self-neglect.
  • To create a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-neglect in practice.
  • To inform the development of interventions for self-neglecting adults.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage study utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional design.
  • Item pool generation, face/content validity, and pilot testing in Stage 1.
  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a national sample (n=339) of health/social care professionals in Stage 2.

Main Results:

  • A 37-item instrument (SN-37) was developed, comprising five factors: environment, social networks, emotional/behavioral liability, health avoidance, and self-determinism.
  • These factors explained 55.6% of the total variance, with strong factor loadings (≥0.40).
  • High internal consistency was found (Cronbach's α 0.83–0.89 for four subscales; 0.69 for one).

Conclusions:

  • The SN-37 instrument is a psychometrically sound tool for measuring professional perceptions of self-neglect.
  • The SN-37 can guide the development of targeted interventions for self-neglect.
  • Further validation in diverse primary care settings is recommended.