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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
Published on: November 21, 2012
Stimulants and Athletic Performance (Part 1 of 2): Amphetamines and Caffeine
Abstract:
In brief: Some athletes use amphetamines and caffeine to fight fatigue, but the effects of these substances on athletic performance are unclear. Both can be harmful. Amphetamines affect the central nervous system (CNS) and can cause tremulousness, anxiety, insomnia, and fever. Caffeine can increase free fatty acid utilization, mask fatigue through CNS stimulation, and increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The International Olympic Committee has banned the use of amphetamines altogether, and has banned caffeine when its values are greater than 15 μ g· ml(-1) in a urine test.
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