Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

843
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
843
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

830
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
830
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

454
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
454
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

4.0K
Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
4.0K
Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

42.8K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
42.8K
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

5.0K
Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single-cell heterogeneity in ribosome levels and protein synthesis during nutrient starvation is driven by cAMP signaling.

Science advances·2026
Same author

A dominant role of cell death in limiting Chandipura virus propagation at cell-saturating high multiplicity of infection.

mBio·2026
Same author

The role of cell growth rate on accumulation of the mitotic cyclin Cdc13 in fission yeast.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Impact of variability in cell generation times on cell-to-cell variability of protein concentrations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Enhancer placement impacts transcriptional dynamics in Drosophila embryos.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Stochastic Gene Expression Model with State-Dependent Protein Activation Delay.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments
12:08

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments

Published on: November 28, 2019

10.1K

A mechanistic stochastic framework for regulating bacterial cell division.

Khem Raj Ghusinga1, Cesar A Vargas-Garcia1, Abhyudai Singh1,2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Scientific Reports
|July 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how cells maintain size homeostasis using a novel protein-based model. It explains the "adder principle" where cells add a fixed volume before division, ensuring consistent cell size.

More Related Videos

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy
08:25

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: April 27, 2021

4.2K
Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy
07:31

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: July 28, 2011

43.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments
12:08

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments

Published on: November 28, 2019

10.1K
Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy
08:25

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: April 27, 2021

4.2K
Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy
07:31

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: July 28, 2011

43.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Maintaining cell size homeostasis is crucial for exponentially growing cells.
  • The
  • adder principle
  • describes fixed volume addition from birth to division in prokaryotes, regardless of initial size.
  • Mechanisms underlying this principle require elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic model explaining the
  • adder principle
  • of cell size homeostasis.
  • To investigate how protein dynamics influence cell division timing and added volume.
  • To reconcile theoretical predictions with experimental observations in prokaryotic cell growth.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical model based on stochastic protein expression and first-passage time analysis.
  • Formulation of cell division time as a threshold-crossing event for protein copy number.
  • Analysis of protein expression rate proportional to cell volume.

Main Results:

  • The model predicts increased division timing noise with larger birth cell size.
  • Demonstrates that the distribution of added cell volume is independent of newborn cell size.
  • Shows that scaled added volume distribution is invariant to growth rate, aligning with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • A simple protein-based model effectively explains the
  • adder principle
  • and key experimental findings.
  • Suggests a mechanism involving a timekeeper protein for regulating cell division timing and volume.
  • Provides insights into controlling both mean and fluctuations in cell division for size regulation.