The Caffeine Controversy: Effects on Endurance and Cholesterol

In brief: Many endurance athletes use caffeine to enhance performance. This analysis of caffeine, endurance, and cholesterol considers whether and how caffeine is an ergogenic aid. It reviews the mechanisms of action and the pharmacological effects of caffeine; highlights eight studies of caffeine and exercise; surveys new research on exercise metabolism, coffee, cholesterol, and heart-attack risk; and offers a perspective on coffee consumption by athletes. The literature indicates that although caffeine in moderation is probably harmless, it does not predictably enhance performance, and the regular, heavy consumption of coffee may raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart attack. Thus, coffee cannot be recommended for athletes.