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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Polyclonal Bence Jones Proteinuria Associated with Reactive Plasmacytosis.

S W Tarlton1, S Ariad2, D Lewis1

  • 1a South African Institute for Medical Research, and University of the Witwatersrand.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|July 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of a patient with respiratory symptoms and enlarged lymph nodes, showing polytypic plasma cells in blood tests. The findings suggest a potential link to Epstein-Barr virus in B cell proliferation.

Keywords:
Epstein-Barr virusPlasmacytosis Bence Jones proteinuria

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A 43-year-old male presented with acute respiratory symptoms, fever, malaise, and epistaxis.
  • Physical examination indicated generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly.
  • Peripheral blood analysis revealed significant plasmacytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying cause of plasmacytosis and Bence Jones proteinuria in this patient.
  • To explore the potential role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in B cell proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood examination for plasmacytosis.
  • Analysis of Bence Jones proteinuria for kappa and lambda light chains.
  • Serum electrophoresis to detect monoclonal peaks.
  • Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and gene rearrangement studies on peripheral blood plasma cells.

Main Results:

  • Bence Jones proteinuria with both kappa and lambda light chains was detected.
  • No monoclonal peak was observed on serum electrophoresis.
  • Plasma cell studies demonstrated polyclonality, not monoclonality.

Conclusions:

  • The patient's presentation, despite plasmacytosis and Bence Jones proteinuria, did not fit typical multiple myeloma criteria due to polyclonality.
  • The study discusses the potential involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in driving B cell proliferation in this unique case.