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Unification of force and substance.

Frank Wilczek1

  • 1Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA wilczek@mit.edu.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

James Clerk Maxwell unified electromagnetism and mechanics, introducing gauge symmetry concepts crucial for modern physics. Further unification prospects promise to elevate Maxwell's vision of field and substance unity.

Keywords:
gauge invariancemagnetic monopolesupersymmetryunification

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • Maxwell's equations unified electromagnetism and mechanics, highlighting their nature as dynamical systems.
  • Key concepts like redundant potentials and gauge symmetry, though formal, are central to modern physics.
  • The article is part of a themed issue on unifying physics and technology through Maxwell's equations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physical significance of gauge invariance.
  • To explore future prospects for unification building upon gauge symmetry.
  • To connect Maxwell's foundational work to contemporary physics.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of Maxwell's work on electromagnetism and mechanics.
  • Discussion of gauge symmetry and its implications.
  • Exploration of theoretical physics concepts for future unification.

Main Results:

  • Gauge invariance is a fundamental concept with deep physical significance.
  • The concept of gauge symmetry offers pathways for further unification in physics.
  • Maxwell's vision of unity between field and substance is being advanced.

Conclusions:

  • Maxwell's insights into the unity of physics remain highly relevant.
  • Gauge symmetry is a powerful concept for understanding fundamental physics and pursuing unification.
  • Future developments may significantly advance our understanding of field-substance unity.