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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
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Pregnancy with autoimmune hepatitis.

António Costa Braga1, Carlos Vasconcelos2, Jorge Braga1

  • 1Obstetrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte - Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Oporto, Portugal.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench
|July 27, 2016
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Summary

Pregnancy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis can have favorable outcomes with careful monitoring. Managing unpredictable disease flares is crucial for a successful pregnancy, even in those with prior cirrhosis.

Keywords:
azathioprinehigh-risk pregnancyliver disorder and pregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Limited data exists on pregnancy outcomes for patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease requiring careful management during gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical experience of pregnancies in patients diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis.
  • To assess obstetric outcomes and management strategies in AIH pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of nine pregnancies in seven AIH patients over ten years.
  • Data collected on patient history, treatments (azathioprine, prednisolone), and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Most patients received azathioprine and prednisolone.
  • Low rates of clinical improvement (11.1%) and exacerbations (22.2%) were observed.
  • Six live births, two preterm deliveries (33%), and three miscarriages (33%) occurred; no maternal or neonatal deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Favorable obstetric outcomes are achievable for patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Close monitoring and management of unpredictable disease flares are essential for successful pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy prognosis is not solely dependent on underlying disease severity.