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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Epigenetics, cellular memory and gene regulation.

Steven Henikoff1, John M Greally2

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

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|July 27, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics research offers exciting health applications, but the term is often misunderstood. This review clarifies common misconceptions about epigenetic processes for scientists and the public.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Epigenetics has gained significant attention from both scientists and the public.
  • Advances in chromatin and gene regulation impact drug development and health applications.
  • The term 'epigenetics' is interpreted differently across scientific disciplines and in popular media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the definition and scope of epigenetics.
  • To address common misconceptions surrounding epigenetic processes.
  • To improve accurate communication of epigenetic science to researchers and the public.

Main Methods:

  • Review of foundational concepts in epigenetics.
  • Analysis of common assumptions and misunderstandings.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple, varied interpretations of 'epigenetics'.
  • Highlighted discrepancies between scientific definitions and public perception.
  • Provided a basis for understanding the assumptions underlying epigenetic processes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate definition and communication of epigenetics are crucial.
  • Addressing misconceptions can foster better scientific understanding and public engagement.
  • A unified understanding of epigenetic processes is needed for advancing the field.